Freud explicitly acknowledged the impact of several philosophical thinkers upon his work.¹⁷ One of the main philosophical influences on the development of Freud's psychoanalytical ideas was Theodor Lipps, an early exponent of phenomenology. In the present chapter I will briefly evaluate Lipps' influence on Freud and then go on to discuss critically the claim made by a number of historians of depth psychology that Nietzsche had a direct and insufficiently acknowledged impact on Freud's intellectual development.