The revival of interest in Carnap's philosophy over the past two decades has shed much light on particular aspects of his intellectual development and its context. We now have a better appreciation of the background and motivation of the Aufbau. ¹ The radical nature of the Syntax program has fmally, more than half a century after its first publication, begun to be acknowledged.² And the later Carnap has also been re-assessed; the previously widespread impression that Quine was "right" and Carnap "wrong" in the analytic-synthetic debate has yielded to a more balanced view³, and the broad outlines of Camap's late philosophy have begun to emerge.⁴